What is the CPU? How does it work?

What is the CPU?

The central processing unit, characterized by the abbreviation CPU, is sometimes referred to as the processor, and is classified as one of the primary components of a computer; It is responsible for interpreting instructions to the computer and for processing the data contained in the software. 

 

The central processing unit is a major microcomputer component, along with the main memory and input and output units, it is noteworthy that it has been built using so-called integrated. 

 

Technology The term central processing unit refers to the many logical machines that enter into the application of complex computer programs and were limited to the application of a number of specific applications, because they are very expensive but, as technological advances have seen the world open up possibilities for cheaper treatments.

How the CPU works?

The CPU takes instructions from an application and performs a calculation. The process can be divided into three main stages: fetching, unpacking, and execution. The educational CPU system brings in RAM and then decodes the instructions before executing the relevant parts of the CPU.

 

Edited instructions may include counting, comparing specific numbers together, or moving them to memory. And since everything on a computer is represented by numbers, these kinds of simple tasks are the equivalent of a CPU that makes it easy to watch YouTube videos, starting with Windows.

 

In modern systems, the CPU doesn't do everything, but it still needs to feed the specialized hardware the numbers needed to do its job.

What are the components of the CPU?

The CPU component can be divided into two main parts:

Control units, mathematical and logic units:

First:

Mathematical and Reasoning Unit - ALU

It consists of electronic circuits dedicated to performing mathematical operations and logical operations and also has a set of temporary storage units called registers in the calculation and logic unit and these records are considered to be one of the fastest types of random memory.

General-purpose article

In this type of record, the data required by the calculation and logic unit is temporarily stored to handle these, for example when two numbers are added, the first number is stored in one record and the second number is stored in another record, the collection process is performed on two records. Is and the result is saved in one record to another, and then the result is transferred from the recorded record to RAM so that the arithmetic and rational unit can perform other activities using these records.

 

Special purpose article

There are many records with specific usage and it is good to know their names so we will mention the name of each record with a simple explanation of usage and the following are some important types of records with specific usage:

 

The function of the program counter (PC) is to store the address of the next program command in random memory (which is the command that will be executed at the end of the execution of the current command) so that the CPU can complete the steps of the program.

 

Guide Registrar (IR) - This record is used to save the current programmatic command during the decode and exit phase and these steps will be known later and using this record speeds up the application time, It saves central processing unit time and Shredder searches the next command in RAM.

 

Flag Register / Status Flag - A record has a custom design (different from the rest of the records) and this record has a 1-bit value that changes this value as a result of arithmetic and logical operations, for example, when performing a split of two numbers the result is an error Number, the value of this record is changed to indicate that the result contains a fractional number.

Second:

Control Unit - CU

The CPU's internal control unit is responsible for controlling the performance of the activities that the CPU performs. It is responsible for random memory and data flow. 

 

To determine the names of the records used, transfer those data to those records, then activate the electronic circuit for operation in arithmetic and rational units, and after completing the mathematical or logical operation, the control unit transfers the result from the record to random memory or its unit.

What is the importance of CPU?

Although the CPU was not so important for system performance as a whole, it still plays a key role in speeding up the machine because it is solely responsible for executing commands between programs; The faster the CPU, the faster the application will run.

 

However, a fast CPU is not everything the processor, regardless of its power, cannot easily deliver the latest 3D games or it cannot store data. Other elements like graphics cards and memory play a primary role here.

 

In short, the CPU is not everything, but it is generally important.

What is the shape of the CPU and where is it located?

Modern CPUs are usually square and compact and have many short, round metal poles that are below the CPU? Most older CPUs have more metal pins than metal electrodes.

The CPU is placed in its motherboard socket directly under the board.

After turning on the CPU, its temperature rises rapidly, causing damage, and in order to reduce and dissipate this heat, the unit must be connected directly to a special cooler and fan. These parts usually come in the CPU at the time of purchase and now there are more advanced cooling options such as water cooling units.

What is the speed of the processor?

Processor speed is measured in hertz, the number of instructions it can process per second. For example, we have a 1 Hz CPU that can process a fraction of an instruction per second. As another example of a career, a 3 GHz processor can process 3 billion guides per second.

What is the CPU Core?

At the beginning of the creation of CPUs, they had one core but now the CPU unit has multiple cores which allows them to perform multiple instructions simultaneously. Such as dual nucleus, quadrilateral nucleus, hex nucleus, and octa nucleus. Some processors use a technology known as multi-threading that creates an additional virtual core to help improve processor performance.

 

As an example of how some CPUs are faster than others, let's take a look at how Intel developed their processors.

 

Intel Core i7 processors do better than i5 processors, which provide better performance than i3 processors, but why?

 

Because Intel Core i3 processors are dual-core, while i5 and i7 processors are quad-core

Control unit

The control unit is the control unit, symbolized by an abbreviation CU, and this primary component of the central processing unit is responsible for summoning instructions entered into the computer and storing them in the original memory. The main memory after processing the CPU registers on the computer