Types of Computer

Types of Computer

Definition of computer or computer, classification or type of computer, components, and uses of each type of computer, classification of the personal computer.

A computer can be defined as a device that can be programmed to perform many mathematical and logical operations at high speeds that can reach billions of operations per second.

Modern computers, or as they are known as digital computers, can be classified in different ways, as computers can be classified by size, or computers can be classified according to their processing power, or computers can be classified by

There are computers used, and all these classifications are considered jurisprudence, meaning they do not depend on a certain standard to be followed.

Throughout this article, I will try to relate the different criteria for classifying computers. Types of Computer Computers can be identified as follows.

Personal computer

A personal computer is sometimes called a PC, which is short for the term personal computer, and is a small device, relatively inexpensive, and designed for personal use.

The personal computer entered the personal computer market in the late seventies of the last century, especially in 1977 when Apple introduced the first personal computer and in the early eighties or especially in 1981 with the introduction of IBM ICM PC.

The personal computer largely depends on the central processing unit, and this unit may have multiple cores, or it is known as a core, where each core represents a separate processing unit, but somehow it has an integrated chip for the CPU.

There are currently many companies that make personal computers, but in general, the personal computer market is divided into two main parts based on the operating system used in the device, as Apple-owned one part of the market through its own operating system and the previous Mac.

Or iOS currently and the other part competes with the rest of the manufacturers, which often rely on Microsoft-owned Windows operating system, although some of these companies have begun to launch new computers running the Linux operating system.

Personal computers can be categorized into categories or categories according to the design, size, and size of the computer screen, below

Horizontal or plane computer

It is sometimes called a desktop computer which is a wide computer and its height is small, and it consists of a separate computer screen and a unit or box called computer unit,

where this unit contains the physical components of the computer, the design of the horizontal computer Allows to place the computer screen on top of the horizontal unit as shown in the previous figure.

The design of the flat or landscape PC limits the device to a small fixed hard disk volume.

Vertical or tower computer

This type of personal computer is called a tower computer, where the unit or case is designed vertically so that the motherboard and the rest of the components are placed vertically, which is now the common form for computers, and this design is separated from a horizontal computer by the simple addition of internal storage units.

In general, it is easier to work with the internal components of a computer unit to expand the interior space.

Laptop

It was called a laptop computer and is a portable personal computer, as this design integrates the computer screen and the rest of the components into a single piece of relatively lightweight and portability.

When searching for the meaning of the English word lap, you will see that it refers to any part of the human body from the upper part of the knee to the middle region and hence the word laptop was used to denote the possibility of using a laptop without sitting at a desk.

This type of personal computer integrates a rechargeable battery with it so that the user of the device can use it anywhere without the need to connect to any power source, for a certain period of time depending on the size and characteristics of the device's battery.

 

Notebook computer

The notebook computer is known in English as a notebook computer and is similar to a laptop computer, but it is smaller in size and less efficient than a laptop device and was named after a personal computer that could hold or carry the device in a handbag.

Handheld laptop

This type of personal computer is a hand-held computer or a computer that can be carried by hand, and this type of device differs from notebook devices that have a small or incomplete keyboard like other devices, the most famous examples of such devices include a small keyboard Phone devices that are present.

Palmtop XDA-Developer

This type of personal computer is called a palmtop computer and the word palm in English means palm of the hand, this device is small in size that can be operated by the palm of the hand and does not have a keyboard, but usually enters data through a pen and a touch screen.

The power of this device is limited compared to other personal computers.

PDA computer

This type of computer is called a personal digital assistant, short for PDA, and is a handheld computer with the same capabilities as a handheld computer, in addition, it can be used as a phone or fax and supports integrated networking.

These days, the interest in the previous three types (hand-held, pump-top, PDA) is no longer important, as smartphones replace all of these types, but smartphone devices are more efficient than any of these types.

Workstation computer

A workstation computer or in English, a workstation computer, a computer like a personal computer, but it also has high quality or high-resolution computer screen as well as a large amount of memory, full support for network connection and a high capacity for data processing.

Workstation hardware is used by only one user, but it is commonly used for engineering software, the software industry, and any graphics or graphics-related programs.

In the past, two types of Windows operating systems were released, one for personal computers such as Windows NT and the other for Windows 98, and now the Pro version has been released for working on workstation devices, and the other version is Home for personal devices.

Currently, you can distinguish between a personal computer and a workstation computer on the basis of efficiency, because high-performance computers are classified as workstation devices and personal computers as less equipped devices.

In the field of network science, any device connected to a network is referred to as a personal device or workstation, workstation, due to the remarkable development in the computer industry, where there was no big difference between the two types of devices in the past.

Server computer

This type of computer is called a server, a server, a server, or an English server. The word server or server means two things, which is a computer and a set of software or software, which is a group of specialized operating systems like Windows server or Linux. The system is a special program.

The hardware or components of this type of device are not less than that of a workstation device but can be doubled, as the server device may have multiple central processing units, as well as a larger size of memory and storage units.

The server machine is usually used to connect to a network, whether it is a local network or the Internet. It is considered an intermediate device that provides a set of services or services to other devices connected to the network, webserver to the Internet An attached server is a machine, and it provides a web hosting service, where your device for the server requests a web page like this page to respond to the contents of the page you are currently viewing.

Most of the time the size of the server machine is slightly larger than the workstation computer and there is also a set of designs, such as a personal computer with a vertical design, and a horizontal design, and the horizontal design is usually used as a shelf or rack inside a large unit. There are multiple servers.

Mainframe computer

The mainframe computer in English is called the mainframe computer, in the past, the term mainframe was used for a supercomputer that works with punch cards or punch cards and this type of computer is the first generation of computers, but it no longer exists in modern times and has become a museum of history.

 

The term mainframe is currently used to describe computers that consist of a group of servers and these devices are connected to a single network, so that these devices simultaneously provide a group of services, as it is assigned to a database server, a web server, a file server, etc. It is possible.

 

These types of computers are commonly used in large organizations and sometimes the room that contains many of these devices is called a data center or data center and one of the most famous examples of this type of device is the data center of the Facebook organization, which has many servers that fulfill requests. Millions of users

Supercomputer computer

A supercomputer whose speed is measured in floating points per second by decimal arithmetic and logical operations, and this type of operation is performed in multiple processes on a normal computer, and the speed of the supercomputer exceeds one hundred quadrillion FLPS per second and one quadrillion is from right 24s.

 

There is a very small group of these devices around the world, because they have not yet reached a thousand devices, and this type of device is usually owned by large scientific universities and a few countries and of course large technology companies.

 

The supercomputer relies on parallel processing technology, or what is known as parallel processing, a complex technology that relies on dividing the calculation process into multiple parts so that each CPU performs a part of the calculation and the results of these parts are quickly combined.

The supercomputer is used to perform complex scientific experiments and to solve large problems that may take days or years to implement or solve by other computers.

Microcontroller computer console

Microcontroller computer in English, it is a special kind of computer as it consists of integrated electronic chip, this electronic chip has a special kind of CPU, usually, this unit is made for one task or a limited number of tasks.

From the computer we defined at the beginning of this article, any computer can be programmed, most of these types of computers are programmed once at the beginning of production because these devices have a kind of memory called ROM or read-only memory that allows writing or program contents Is stored, where the computer is programmed to perform a specific task, and an example of this type is a computer built into an electrical device such as a refrigerator or washing machine.

In recent times, computers and controllers working on electrical devices have embraced reprogramming and have integrated operating systems such as the Android operating system, and one of the most famous examples of this is the built-in controller on smart TV screens or smart TVs.

This type of computer device is for general applications or it is known as general-purpose because they can be programmed to perform multiple functions, and then other activities can be reprogrammed. A computer that acts as a device where it can be programmed to perform a task or task.

Smartphone

Of course, we can't talk about smartphone devices or the types of computers known as smartphones, because these devices are considered to be an advanced private computer.

These types of devices include the hand-held, palmtop, and PDA types. In addition, the CPUs embedded in these devices are designed to hold multiple cores, much like a personal computer.